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Billy Sing
William Edward "Billy" Sing, DCM (2 March 1886 – 19 May 1943) was a part Chinese Australian soldier who served in the Australian Imperial Force during World War I, best known as a sniper during the Gallipoli Campaign.〔Hamilton (2008), p. 5.〕〔Tate, B. (1993): (Trooper William Edward (Billy) Sing, DCM , Croix de Guerre, 1886–1943: "The Assassin of Gallipoli" ) ''Courier Mail Weekend'' (24 April 1993). Retrieved 26 May 2010. (Alternative copy ) retrieved on 11 June 2010.〕〔Reed, F. (1916): (Billy Sing: Famous Australian sniper ) ''The Mercury'' (13 March 1916, p. 4). Retrieved 26 May 2010.〕〔(Gallipoli and the Anzacs: The Anzac Walk – Artillery Road ) (2009). Retrieved 26 May 2010.〕 He took at least 150 confirmed kills during that campaign, and may have had over 200 kills in total.〔〔 One contemporary estimate put his tally at close to 300 kills.〔Hamilton (2008), p. 6.〕 Towards the end of the war, Sing married a Scottish woman, but the relationship did not last long.〔 Following work in sheep farming and gold mining, he died in relative poverty and obscurity in Brisbane during World War II.〔〔Hamilton (2008), p. 8.〕
==Early life==
Sing was born on 2 March 1886 in Clermont, Queensland, Australia, the son of a Chinese father and an English mother.〔〔Hamilton (2008), p. 7.〕〔(Brisbane graveside ceremony for famed Gallipoli sniper ) ''Brisbane Times'' (18 May 2009). Retrieved 26 May 2010.〕〔Nash, J. (2008): (The Aussie Assassin ) ''Gold Coast News'' (2 August 2008). Retrieved 26 May 2010.〕 His parents were John Sing (c. 1842–1921), a drover from Shanghai, China, and Mary Ann Sing (née Pugh; c. 1857–unknown), a nurse from Kingswinford, Staffordshire, England.〔Hamilton (2008), p. 12.〕〔Courtney (2001), p. 3.〕 Sing's mother had given birth to a daughter named Mary Ann Elizabeth Pugh on 28 May 1883, less than two months before marrying Sing's father on 4 July 1883.〔Hamilton (2008), p. 13.〕 It is unclear whether this child was John Sing's daughter as well.〔Hamilton (2008), p. 14.〕 A daughter, Beatrice Sing, was later born into the family on 12 July 1893.〔Hamilton (2008), p. 18.〕 The three children grew up together on the farm run by the Sings, and all three performed well academically.〔Hamilton (2008), p. 19.〕
There was considerable anti-Chinese sentiment in Australia at this time.〔〔Hamilton (2008), pp. 14–15 & pp. 17–19.〕 As a boy, Sing was well known for his shooting skill, but was the subject of racial prejudice due to his ancestry.〔Hamilton (2008), p. 5 & p. 19.〕 He began work hauling timber as a youth,〔 and later worked as a stockman and a sugarcane cutter.〔〔 Sing became well known for his marksmanship, both as a kangaroo shooter and as a competitive target shooter.〔〔 In the latter role, he was a member of the Proserpine Rifle Club.〔〔Laws & Stewart (2006), pp. 21–22.〕 He regularly won prizes for his shooting, and also played cricket with skill.〔Maunder, P. (2010): (Gallipoli sniper ) Excerpt from ''Outback'' (Issue 70, April/May 2010). Retrieved 12 June 2010.〕
On 24 October 1914, two months after the outbreak of war, Sing enlisted as a trooper in the Australian 5th Light Horse Regiment of the Australian Imperial Force.〔〔〔Laws & Stewart (2006), p. 22.〕〔National Archives of Australia (2010a), p. 1.〕 His Certificate of Medical Examination at the time showed that he stood at 5' 5" (165 cm) and weighed 141 lb. (64 kg).〔National Archives of Australia (2010a), p. 3.〕 According to John Laws and Christopher Stewart, he was accepted into the army only after a recruitment officer chose to disregard the fact that Sing was part Chinese; at the time, only those of European ancestry were generally considered suitable for Australian military service.〔Laws & Stewart (2006), p. 25.〕〔Kennedy, A. (2009): (British War Brides of Chinese Australian Diggers ) (30 March 2009). Retrieved 12 June 2010.〕〔Hui, J.-A. (2002): (Chinese-Australian servicemen to be honoured ) ''The Sydney Morning Herald'' (25 April 2002). Retrieved 13 June 2010.〕
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